Lysophosphatidic acid and signaling in sensory neurons

Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Sep 11. pii: S1388-1981(14)00182-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.09.004.
Lysophosphatidic acid and signaling in sensory neurons.
Oude Elferink RP1, Bolier R2, Beuers UH2.

Lysophosphatidic acid is a potent signaling lipid molecule that has initially been characterized as a growth factor. However, later studies have revealed many more functions such as modulation of cell shape, cell migration, prevention of apoptosis, platelet aggregation, wound healing, osteoclast differentiation, vasopressor activity, embryo implantation, angiogenesis, lung fibrosis, hair growth and more. The molecule mainly acts through activation of a set of at least 6G-protein-coupled receptors (LPA1-6), but intracellular LPA was also shown to signal through activation of the nuclear receptor PPARγ. In this short review we discuss recent observations which suggest that in pathological conditions LPA also modulates signaling in sensory neurons. Thus, LPA has been shown to play a role in the initiation of neuropathic pain and, more recently, a relation was observed between increased LPA levels in the circulation and cholestatic itch. The mechanism by which this occurs remains to be elucidated. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Linking transcription to physiology in lipodomics.

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid controlling numerous cellular responses through the activation of specific G-protein coupled transmembrane receptors. LPA is present in several biological fluids (serum, plasma, aqueous humor) and can be secreted by several cell types (platelets, fibroblasts, adipocytes, cancer cells). Whereas, multiple pathways of synthesis and degradation of LPA have been described, their relative contribution in extracellular secretion and biodisponibility is still a matter of debate. The first part of the present review is devoted to the description of the different enzymes involved in LPA synthesis (acyltransferases, phospholipases, kinases) and degradation (lysophospholipases, lipid-phosphatases), as well as to the molecules involved in LPA transport (albumin, fatty acid binding proteins, gelsolin, lipoproteins). In a second part, the different physio-pathological situations (aggregation, cancer, injuries) associated with LPA production, as well as the potential role played by LPA in genesis of certain diseases (cancer, obesity, arteriosclerosis) are listed and analyzed.

Might be why PRP works for some with hair loss!

LPA is also blocked by resveratrol, curcumin and EGCG

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17919812

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19647363

wait why would you want to block LPA?

NonAlcoholic Vodka wrote:wait why would you want to block LPA?

LPA promotes the pain and itch associated with hair loss.